
local conditions and customs

Malaysia
In the early AD, there were ancient countries such as Jiedu and Langyaxiu on the Malay Peninsula. [1] In the early 15th century, the Kingdom of Malacca, centered around Malacca, unified most of the Malay Peninsula. [1] Since the 16th century, it has been occupied by Portugal, the Netherlands, and Britain. [1] At the beginning of the 20th century, it was completely reduced to a British colony. Sarawak and Sabah on Kalimantan Island have historically belonged to Brunei, and in 1888, they became British protected areas. [1] During World War II, the Malay Peninsula, Sarawak, and Sabah were occupied by Japan. After the war, Britain resumed colonial rule. On August 31, 1957, the Commonwealth of Malaya declared independence. [1] On September 16, 1963, the Commonwealth of Malaya merged with Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah to form Malaysia (Singapore withdrew on August 9, 1965).
